Le chef de prière sur le yom tov de Rosh Hashanah —le second officie au soufflage du shofar [c.-à-d., le chef de prière à moussaf officie au soufflage du shofar, et non le chef de prière shacharith. Cela a été institué à un moment de shmad (conversion forcée), quand ils ont décrété de ne pas souffler le shofar et les attendaient toutes les six heures du temps de la prière de shacharith, sur quoi ils ont déplacé le shofar soufflant de shacharith à moussaf.]; et à l'époque de Hallel, le premier officie au Hallel. [Parce qu'Hallel n'est pas récité sur Rosh Hashanah et Yom Kippour, nous avons "et au moment de Hallel"; c'est-à-dire lors des autres fêtes, quand Hallel est récité.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah
השני מתקיע – the person who recites the Musaf prayer sounds the Shofar and not the one who recites the Morning Service Amidah prayer. And during the time of religious persecution, they ordained this, for they had decreed not to sound the Shofar, and there those lying in wait for him all six hours of the time of the Morning prayer service; for that reason, they moved the Tekiah/sounding of the Shofar from the Morning Service to the Musaf Service.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Rosh Hashanah
Introduction
On days upon which Mussaf is recited (festivals and Rosh Hodesh) there are two people who function as the “shaliah tzibbur”, prayer leader the first does Shacharit and the second does Mussaf. Our mishnah determines which of these people blows the shofar and which of them recites the Hallel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Rosh Hashanah
ובשעת ההלל – because we do not recite Hallel on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, as it is taught, that at the time of Hallel, that is to say, on the other days of Yom Tov when we recite Hallel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Rosh Hashanah
The one who passes before the ark on the festival of Rosh Hashanah: the second one blows the shofar. On Rosh Hashanah, the shaliah tzibbur for Mussaf is the one who blows the shofar. It is interesting that the mishnah needs to dictate this. It seems that at some early point in the development of Jewish liturgy, the Shacharit Amidah for Rosh Hashanah also included liturgy in which it would have been appropriate to blow the shofar. In our current liturgy, there is no place in the Shacharit Amidah to do so, and hence it is quite obvious that the shaliah tzibbur for Mussaf blows the shofar.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Rosh Hashanah
On days when Hallel is said, the first one recites the Hallel. On days on which Hallel is recited, the Shaliah Tzibbur for Shacharit is the one that recites the Hallel. Today we practice this by having Hallel fall in between Shacharit and Mussaf.
